{"id":37291,"date":"2024-11-27T20:13:42","date_gmt":"2024-11-27T11:13:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jouhou.main.jp\/?p=37291"},"modified":"2026-01-23T13:45:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T04:45:26","slug":"linux-journal%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%ef%bc%9aext4%e3%82%b8%e3%83%a3%e3%83%bc%e3%83%8a%e3%83%ab%e3%81%8b%e3%82%89%e3%81%ae%e5%89%8a%e9%99%a4%e3%83%95%e3%82%a1%e3%82%a4%e3%83%ab%e5%86%8d%e6%a7%8b%e6%88%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jouhou.main.jp\/?p=37291","title":{"rendered":"Linux Journal\u89e3\u6790\uff1aext4\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u306e\u524a\u9664\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u518d\u69cb\u6210"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u6700\u77ed\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af<\/div>\r\n

ext4\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u524a\u9664\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u623b\u305b\u308b\u304b\u3001\u6700\u77ed\u3067\u898b\u6975\u3081\u308b<\/h2>\r\n

\r\n \u307e\u305a\u306f\u300c\u4eca\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u300d\u3067\u56de\u53ce\u3067\u304d\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u89e6\u308b\u306a\u3089\u6700\u5c0f\u5909\u66f4\u3067\u9032\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8ff7\u3046\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306a\u3089\u65e9\u3081\u306b\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u307b\u3046\u304c\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\r\n <\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n

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\r\n 1<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n
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30\u79d2\u3067\u4e89\u70b9\u3092\u7d5e\u308b<\/div>\r\n

\r\n \u307e\u305a\u300c\u3069\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u3067\u300d\u300c\u3069\u3053\u307e\u3067\u5230\u9054\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3092\u56fa\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u524a\u9664\u76f4\u5f8c\u304b\u3001\u8ffd\u8a18\u304c\u9032\u3093\u3067\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u304c\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5206\u304b\u308c\u76ee\u3067\u3059\u3002\r\n <\/p>\r\n 

\r\n# \u5bfe\u8c61FS\/\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\uff08root\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u53ef\uff09\r\nmount | grep -E ' type ext4 |\/\u5bfe\u8c61\u30d1\u30b9'\r\ndf -hT \/\u5bfe\u8c61\u30d1\u30b9\r\n\r\n# \u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u8ffd\u8a18\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\uff08\u76ee\u5b89\uff09\r\ndmesg -T | tail -n 80\r\njournalctl -k -n 200 --no-pager\r\n<\/pre>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      \r\n      
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\r\n            2<\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          
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\u4e89\u70b9\u5225\uff1a\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u9078\u629e\u3084\u884c\u52d5<\/div>\r\n            
\r\n              \u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u300c\u8aad\u3080\u3060\u3051\u300d\u3067\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u4e00\u624b\u3092\u9078\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u306f\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u5f62\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n            
\r\n              
A) \u524a\u9664\u76f4\u5f8c\u3067\u3001\u66f8\u304d\u8fbc\u307f\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u305d\u3046<\/div>\r\n              
\r\n# \u307e\u305a\u8aad\u3080\u3060\u3051\uff1ainode\/\u524a\u9664\u75d5\u8de1\u306e\u63a2\u7d22\uff08\u4f8b\uff1aextundelete \/ debugfs\uff09\r\n# \u203b\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u672a\u5c0e\u5165\u306a\u3089\u5c0e\u5165\u524d\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\uff08\u2462\u3078\uff09\r\nsudo extundelete \/dev\/\u5bfe\u8c61 --inode 0 --ls 2>\/dev\/null | head\r\nsudo debugfs -R \"lsdel\" \/dev\/\u5bfe\u8c61 2>\/dev\/null | head\r\n<\/pre>\r\n\r\n              
B) \u5bfe\u8c61\u304c\u300c\u5358\u4e00\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u300d\u304b\u300c\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u3054\u3068\u300d\u304b\u66d6\u6627<\/div>\r\n              
\r\n# \u6700\u7d42\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\/\u66f4\u65b0\u306e\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u3092\u62fe\u3046\uff08\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\r\nsudo find \/\u5bfe\u8c61\u30d1\u30b9 -xdev -type f -mmin -120 -printf '%TY-%Tm-%Td %TH:%TM %s %p\\n' 2>\/dev\/null | tail -n 30\r\nsudo ls -ltu \/\u5bfe\u8c61\u30d1\u30b9 2>\/dev\/null | head\r\n<\/pre>\r\n\r\n              
C) \u672c\u756a\u7a3c\u50cd\u4e2d\u3067\u505c\u6b62\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\uff0f\u5171\u6709\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b8\u914d\u4e0b<\/div>\r\n              
\r\n# \u307e\u305a\u306f\u30ed\u30b0\u3068\u30e1\u30bf\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\uff08\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u306e\u307f\uff09\r\nsudo journalctl --since \"2 hours ago\" --no-pager | tail -n 200\r\nsudo lsof +D \/\u5bfe\u8c61\u30d1\u30b9 2>\/dev\/null | head\r\nsudo fuser -vm \/\u5bfe\u8c61\u30d1\u30b9 2>\/dev\/null | head\r\n<\/pre>\r\n\r\n              
D) \u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u672c\u683c\u5316\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u53d6\u5f97\u3078\u5bc4\u305b\u305f\u3044<\/div>\r\n              
\r\n# \u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u3089\u300c\u66f8\u304d\u8fbc\u307f\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3055\u305a\u300d\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u512a\u5148\uff08\u4f8b\uff1addrescue\uff09\r\n# \/dev\/\u5bfe\u8c61 \u2192 \u9000\u907f\u5148\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b8\u3078\uff08\u5341\u5206\u306a\u7a7a\u304d\u5bb9\u91cf\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\uff09\r\nsudo ddrescue -n \/dev\/\u5bfe\u8c61 \/\u9000\u907f\u5148\/target.img \/\u9000\u907f\u5148\/target.log\r\nsudo ddrescue -d -r3 \/dev\/\u5bfe\u8c61 \/\u9000\u907f\u5148\/target.img \/\u9000\u907f\u5148\/target.log\r\n<\/pre>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      \r\n      
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\r\n            3<\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n          
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\u9078\u629e\u3084\u884c\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\uff1a\u5f71\u97ff\u7bc4\u56f2\u30921\u5206\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\uff08\u3084\u308a\u904e\u304e\u9632\u6b62\uff09<\/div>\r\n            
\r\n              \u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\u5468\u308a\u306f\u300c\u89e6\u308b\u307b\u3069\u5fa9\u65e7\u304c\u9060\u306e\u304f\u300d\u5834\u9762\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305a\u306f\u505c\u6b62\u53ef\u5426\u30fb\u5171\u6709\u6709\u7121\u30fb\u76e3\u67fb\u8981\u4ef6\u306e\u6709\u7121\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304b\u3089\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3068\u5b89\u5168\u3067\u3059\u3002\r\n            <\/p>\r\n            
\r\n# \u672c\u756a\/\u5171\u6709\u306e\u6c17\u914d\uff08\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\r\nsystemctl --type=service --state=running | head\r\nss -lntup | head\r\nexportfs -v 2>\/dev\/null\r\ngrep -E ' nfs|cifs|ceph|gluster|lustre ' \/proc\/mounts 2>\/dev\/null | head\r\n\r\n# ext4\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u78ba\u8a8d\uff08\u8aad\u3081\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\u3067\uff09\r\nsudo tune2fs -l \/dev\/\u5bfe\u8c61 2>\/dev\/null | egrep -i 'Filesystem state|Features|Last mount time|Mount count' || true\r\n<\/pre>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      \r\n      
\r\n        
\u5931\u6557\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3069\u3046\u306a\u308b\uff1f\uff08\u3084\u308a\u304c\u3061\u306a\u30df\u30b9\u3068\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u7d50\u679c\uff09<\/div>\r\n